Explosive engine



Oct. 27, 1931. E. BURHOP 1,829,631

EXPLOSIVE ENGINE Filed Oct. 15, 1927 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.7.

Oct. 27, 1931. BURHOP EXPLOSIVE ENGINE 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct.

flit 1177 57 Patented Oct. 27, 1931 PATENT OFFICE EMIL BURHOP, OF GENEVA, SWITZERLAND EXPLOSIVE ENGINE Application filed October 15, 1927, Serial No. 226,456, and in Germany December 13, 1926.

The invention is an improvement in explo sive engines, particularly intended for automobile vehicles and of the kind which comprise explosion chambers arranged in pairs.

The essential new features of the engine according to this invention are the following ones: firstly, all the intermediary members serving for transmitting the power from the piston or pistons to the driven machine or 20 apparatus are arranged so as to make exclusively reciprocating or swivelling motions, second, each one of the explosions which in the individual chambers of a given pair take place at different times cause all the members to move which are adapted to be operated by the said pair of chambers, thirdly the effect of the masses of at least the entirety of the members which are operated by the explosion in a given chamber so as to move in one direction is equal to the effect of the masses which in the course of the subsequent explosion in the other chamber will be operated so as to move said members in opposite directions, fourthly, the power transmitted to the driven machine or apparatus is always the same no matterin which one of the chambers of a given pair of chambers the explosion had taken place.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar characters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Both the working examples shown refer to engines in which the two chambers of a given pair of them are arranged in two different cylinders which individually do comprise but a single piston.

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical view of the i essential parts of a two-stroke engine driving a four cylinder oil pump.

Fig. 2 shows another working form in which also a two-stroke engine drives an electric current generator, those parts which generate the current exclusively making reciprocation motions.

Figure 3 is a plan view of Fig. 2.

Figures 4 and 5 are detail views of the ato-mizing nozzle.

Since each one of the cylinders in the particular two working forms shown comprises but a single chamber the term cylinder used for the sake of simplicity throughout the following description would refer to one chamber of a given pair of chambers. 5

In Fig. l the members 20 and 20 are the cylinders arranged in pairs; the axis of cylinder 20 constituting a prolongation of the axis of the cylinder 20. The pistons 19 and 19 are carried on a common piston rod 27. By means of the bridges l0 and 40 respectively the pistons 29 and 29 of the oil pumps are rigidly connected with the cylinders 20 and 20 respectively.

The pistons 29 and 29 which are arranged on a given side (to the right or to the left) of the piston rod 27 are rigidly connected with one another by a rod 31. The piston rod 27 carries a middle bridge 40 having about twice as much weight as either of the individual bridges 40 or 40. The ends of the middle bridge 40 are rigidly connected respectively with double pistons 28 and 28. Each rod 31 which connects one piston 29 with another piston 29 slides in a longitudinal channel provided in each of the double pistons 28. The middle bridge 40 together with the double pistons 28 and the piston rod 27 and pistons 19, 19 is suspended by means of the rods 30 on the balance 33. The bridge 40 with cylinder 20 and the four pump pistons 29 and 29 connected by the rods 31, and the bridge 40 with cylinder 20 is suspended or connected with said balance 33 by means of the rods 32. p

All the parts adapted to move owing to an explosion in cylinder 20 are, at least in their entirety, equal in weight or effect to the parts moved in an opposite direction by a subsequent explosion in cylinder 20'.

The engine shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1 operates as follows:

An explosion in cylinder 20 will cause the up stroke of the piston 19 and piston 19' connected with the former by rod 27. Also the middle bridge 40 carried on rod 27 with the two double pistons 28 of the oil pumps will partake of the upward motion. This same explosion in cylinder 20 has caused a down stroke of the cylinder 20 which by means of 100 bridge 4'0, istb eee, rods 31, pistons 29",

, balance 33,

the cylinder 20. It is to be noted that this i downward motion is assisted by the simultaneously'risingrods .30 connected with the outer ends of jthe balance 33.

From this it follows that an explosion in the-cylinder or chamber 20 will produce *quitecloslyto=thecompression ring 25, the

the followingsimultanenouseileetsi 1. On the one part the up stroke ofthepistons 19 and 19, on the othervpart the down stroke ofithe cylinders 20 and 2.0; v

2. On theone par't the up stroke of the middle-bridge 40, -on the other part the down stroke of the bridges 40 and40,;"

On'theionegpart thecup:strokeof the-two doublegpump pistOnsQh, on the other ,part the down strokeaof-the iourssingle 1p ump piston-s Y29, a d gg v 4., On the one 2p artzthe up stroke otithe ,pis-

. -.ton,rod 2.7 and rods 3Q, onthe other part the down, stroke of thegtwo gpump rpiston rods v.

andtherods32;

ZIhi s evidentl-y 5 neitiistjhat the nnotions are perfectly .symmetrized, or ibalanc'ed.

' expelledifrom the top pairof the pumps. It is therefore-evident thatthe power taken oithe' .performance orroutput bysimply cutting out or adding respecti-velyindividual r I pump elements, the pistons of which may :fIf subsequently an explosion takes place in cylinder 20 all'the movable parts will moveinra-n opposite direction. 7

. hfthemassesefthe parts which are moved simultaneously in opposite directions are otfaeven weight, then it will :notrbe diflicult to expressly providefor a perfect equilib V ln thecourse oi theiupstiiokeofithe double pumpaqpi-stons -28 and v28 and the .-simu1ta-' neous 'downgstrokemf the pistons'29 and 29? the oil will be'drawniinithe bottomgpa iriof the oil purnpswhilstatthie same time ill] will be from the movable systems is perfeotlyequalized -.or :uni form since the friction )losses of both-of them are practicall y equal one to the other;

It is evident'thatzunderisuch circumstances the WOrklngOf-fthe units an-extremslynnr' form, steady, and also arsilent one, .free trom any shocks whatever.

OifJcou rse itwill :be :easy in thecase @of a plurality *ofpumps to :bring about the-control besides difier1 in -.diameter; y

In the working 'tormsshowin in Fig. 2 the pistons-carried by :rod :are arranged in two oppositely disposed cylinders :20. .An

inlet' isj providedin the bottom lot :the cylin: ders' for the admission during the compress'i'on stroke of piston 19 'ot fresh air into the chamber 1 0" through the '"opened valve .2. Y The latter is "a light plate "valve which during the workingstroke, of the rpis'ton is autoand rods 32 is suspended on the.

compression,

matically closed; 3 is a" longitudinal channel giving passage during theeworking stroke of the piston to a fraction of air which pass ing through valve 4: may enter the ring chamber 5, communicating by means of the bores 6 and 7 with the atomizing nozzle 14. Since the piston 19 even in its .topfmost position always leaves a certain smallspaice between it and the inner end of cylinder socket 21 whilst the piston reaches with its outer end air is compressed to a higher degree in the ring chamber 5 than'in the chamber 10.

I ,l-Fhespring compressionring25isarranged on the outer'p'iston border on a'small projection'ot thecylinderQO, rQp'eningsri) are provided in the @bottom of piston 19 allowing the admission of the Rain which during the workingstroke had been-compressed underneathathe' piston bottom, through .the (bores 3 ost-cylinder 20 to the chamber .10, thereby expelling the burnt gases through channels llland 1 2 into the exhaust :pipe '13; In the outward end of the cylinder .20 -is arranged the cylinder-v socketQl which-is provided with, azsupport '22 for the valve. The cylinder 20 16andv117 across which the liquid fuel may be drawn Bill ithe very moment in which the burnt igasesrz-are xexpelledwfrom chamber 10 over the exhaust pipe '13 by means of the cleaning air 'admittedithrongh the ibores 8, 9.. The mixing of the iuel'withtherair keepson even :after the.coinpressionsstroke has already begun andithereiorethe exit of the fuel from thedistributinginotches :17 :is maintained and extends through a comparativelylong period of time from which results that the zinc] threads. mayv'ibe-zextreinely thin and conseouently'iavery rfineatomizing' or sprayingoi theiliquidfuel isiobtained. i 1 r The ivalve -14 ibe iclosed only after the piston 19 has reachedagain the'end of its an stroke that is tossay after :the explosion had takenfiplace. v r a f When the compressed gas mixture explodes the piston 19 will be ttorced inwardly into about h allf the Ehei-ght (of the stroke which is vairiable'linzaccordancewithitheidegreeof'ithe v magnet cvlindersQS arefrigid-l y connectedwith athe piston rod27. The support rods3'1 whicharenigidly connected with the cylinders 20 by means ofthe bridge-1 10, carry ering .armatnres 22 9. Ea'ch :one of it-he two balances 33 swivelling on the bolts 34 are connected on the one part by means of rod with the magnetcylinder 28 and on the other part by the rod 32 with the bridge 40 which is fixed to the inward end of the cylinder 20 and which also carries the support rods 31 of the ring armatures 29.

Since an explosion of the gas mixture acts in known manner on all the Walls surrounding the explosion chamber and since the projection surfaces of the piston bottom and the socket 21 are equal, the latter will together with cylinder 20 be driven outwards whenever the piston is driven inwardly. As the weight of the masses subjected to movements in opposite directions will preferably be made equal it will be understood that an equal acceleration of the masses will be obtained.

The cylinder 20 in the portion A of the engine which has been driven outwards owing to the fact that its socket 21 works also like a piston will in the course of a subsequent explosion of the cylinder in portion B of the engine be returned to its former position, and so on.

The balance rods 30, 33 and 32 as well as the bridge 40 serve simply for supporting the unit.

As will be seen the magnet cylinder and the armature slide in opposite directions to and fro just like a loom shuttle when the engine is in service, causing the magnet lines of force to be intersected and'an electric current to be generated, which in known manner may be utilized in the driving motors of a vehicle and for charging the storage batteries and the like.

The control of the liquid fuel feed may be efiected by making the cone of valve 4 by means of rod 39 and disc 38 to close more or less so that more or less air or none at all may be returned from the ring compression chamber 5 to the chamber 10 and by thereby varying the difference of compression existing in chamber 5 on the one part and in chamber 10 on the other part.

In view of the inertia effect of the moving masses it appears advisable to provide that the fuel channel 35 beginning with the opening 18 and ending with the link 36 of the feed pipe which may swing on the bolt 24, is constituting communicating tubes.

The compression of the gas mixture can be given such a value that self ignition will take place which in the case of the engine shown is not only allowable but offers marked advantages. The sparking plugs shown in Fig. 2 may be used when starting.

It is also possible to provide for a member sliding on any one of the reciprocating parts which in the case of a failure of the automatic self ignition will operate on an electric contact device when by the inherent inertia it is thrown forward after the piston has reached its dead point position in a given stroke. This additional ignition device is intended to usefully operate whenever by reason of a sudden overcharge the compression of the gas mixture does not attain the high degree which is required for its self ignition. Of course this kind of inertia ignition device may constitute also the exclusive ignition device provided for a given engine.

Particular attention is to be paid to the perfect equilibrium of the moved masses, no matter which in a given working manner be the design of the particular engine, that is to say, no matter whether in the case of a nonsliding cylinder a single explosion chamber with two pistons, or two explosion chambers with two pistons or if finally in a fixed cylinder with two explosion chambers having but a single piston arranged between them is provided for, and so on.

If in the foregoing the equilibrium of the masses has been spoken of it is of course to be understood that the required symmetrical effect of the masses may be arrived at not only by their equal weight but also, at least in part, by corresponding lever devices.

Whilst in the first working example the engine is shown as driving-a multi-cylinder pump and in the second one as driving an electric current generator, it is evident that the engine might be used to operate any machine, device or apparatus whatever, whereby the latter might also make only reciprocating movements or swivelling and even rotating movements.

The number of the pistons operating on a given power consuming device (28, 29) may be chosen at will, and the particular design of the engines may differ from the details shown with regard to the examples described and illustrated. The essential matter is only this that the four characteristical features enumerated in the second paragraph of this specification are realized in a given engine.

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and desire to secure Letters Patcut:

1. In an explosive engine having explosion cylinders arranged in pairs and provided with pistons, intermediary members for transmitting power from the pistons to the apparatus to be driven, said members being arranged so as to make exclusively reciprocating or swivelling motion, and means whereby each one of the explosions in a cylinder of a given pair causes all the members controlled by said pair to move.

2. In an explosive engine having explosion cylinders arranged in pairs and provided with pistons, intermediary members for transmitting power from the pistons to the apparatus to be driven, said members being arranged so as to make exclusively reciproeating or swivelling motion, means whereby each one of the explosions in a cylinder of a given pair causes an themembers controlled! by. said pairtoi move, andmeans whereby the effect of"the;'- masses of the-entirety of the, members operatedby the: explosion. ina given; chamber and. movable: in one direction will be equal to the efi'ect of the masses. operated by the; xpl osi'on in the-other cylinderand, movable inangoppos'ite direction; I

3. In anexplosive engine"hevingexplosion cylinders arranged in pairs gandiprovided with "pistons; intermediary: members for transmitting,powerfrom' the piston to therapiparatu s to b'e-driven; saidmembers being: arranged'so'as'to make exclusively reciprocat ing'onswivelling motion, means whereby each I? oneofgtheexplosions in a cylinder of a given" pail-f causes; all the members. controlled by said pair-to move, means whereby the efiect v ofthe masses of the entirety ofthe members 2;; operated by the explosion in a given cylinder 0 and movable in one" direction Will'be' equal to I the efiect of' the masses" operated-by the explosi'o'n inthe'other cylinder and movable in an .oppositedirection, and means whereby-power transmitted to thedriven I apparatus will' be. 5 always the same; 7 4 x V r 4. In an explosiveengine, a balanced pive oted supp-ort, a pistoncarryingunit, and a cylinder carrying unit,- one of said unitsflbe- ;:ingsnpported by said balanced-"support on one side of the pivot'and the otherunit' on 1 the other'side of said-pivot, said units being of eqnal 'weight to adaptthem to move correspond-ingl'y one in one direction and 'the other in the opposite direction when amexplosion oecnrs in one of the cylinders;

Inan explosive engine, a balanced pivotedsupporfi 'cylinders arranged in pairs and y in longitudinal aline'ment, pistons reciprocable said cyl'inders and connected to move in Unison; a 1 frame connected to move with saidfpi'stons, a connection between said'frameand support; another frame-connected withandcarryingsaid cylinders, a connection be tween'saideylinder frame and said support, whereby the piston and cylinder frames are balanced, one of saidframes being mov ed in one-direction andon'ein the 'other when an explosionoccnrs in onefof the. cylinders;

testimony whereof I aflii; my signature;

' EMIL BURHOP; 

